{
  "districtId": "BU-32",
  "slug": "saran",
  "name": "Saran",
  "sourceName": "Saran",
  "lgdCode": "218",
  "census": {
    "lgdCode": "218",
    "name": "Saran",
    "slug": "saran",
    "population2011": 3951862,
    "ruralPopulation2011": 3598660,
    "urbanPopulation2011": 353202,
    "urbanShare2011": 8.937609663495333,
    "literacyPercent2011": 66,
    "maleLiteracyPercent2011": 77,
    "femaleLiteracyPercent2011": 54.4,
    "density2011": 1496,
    "malePopulation2011": null,
    "femalePopulation2011": null,
    "sexRatio2011": 954,
    "workforce2011": null,
    "economy": {
      "referencePeriod": "2023-24",
      "gddpCurrentLakh": 2397086,
      "perCapitaIncomeRupees": 51389
    },
    "crops": {
      "referencePeriod": "2024-25",
      "riceTonnes": 158365,
      "wheatTonnes": 286328,
      "maizeTonnes": 61262,
      "cerealsTonnes": 506143
    },
    "sourceUrls": [
      "https://statedata.bihar.gov.in/dataLab/getDistrictDetails?districtCode=218"
    ],
    "sourcePage": "https://statedata.bihar.gov.in/dataLab/",
    "sourceId": "bihar-des-district-facts",
    "retrieved": "2026-10-25",
    "sourcePrecision": {
      "literacyPercent": "one decimal, as republished by DES",
      "population": "persons, exact integer count in DES response"
    },
    "correction": null,
    "caveats": [
      "Census2011 demographic snapshot, not current population.",
      "Density is source-published Census2011 density; never divide the count by the 2021 map area.",
      "Literacy rates are republished rounded values.",
      "Current-price district income2023-24 is not household income or GDP per person.",
      "Crop quantities2024-25 have a different reference period from economic data."
    ],
    "reuse": {
      "termsUrl": "https://statedata.bihar.gov.in/dataLab/websitePolicy",
      "terms": "Accurate attributed reproduction under DES website terms; third-party rights preserved; no endorsement.",
      "underlyingCensusCatalog": "https://www.data.gov.in/catalog/villagetown-wise-primary-census-abstract-2011-bihar",
      "underlyingCensusLicense": "Government Open Data License–India (OGD catalog); do not claim this standard licence for all DES economics/crops."
    },
    "sexRatioSourceUrl": "https://statedata.bihar.gov.in/dataLab/assets/js/31_10_2025_chart.js"
  },
  "odop": {
    "districtId": "BU-32",
    "slug": "saran",
    "districtName": "Saran",
    "product": "Tomato based Products",
    "referencePeriod": "2024",
    "sourceId": "mofpi-odop-2024",
    "sourceSerial": 31,
    "sourcePage": 7,
    "verificationState": "transcribed-from-retrieved-source"
  },
  "heritage": {
    "districtId": "BU-32",
    "slug": "saran",
    "districtName": "Saran",
    "count": 1,
    "referencePeriod": "2023-07-31",
    "sourceId": "asi-parliament-2023",
    "sourcePage": 3,
    "sourceSerial": 14,
    "verificationState": "transcribed-from-retrieved-source"
  },
  "monuments": [
    {
      "sourceSerial": 252,
      "name": "Remains of Ancient city",
      "locality": "Manjhi",
      "districtId": "BU-32",
      "slug": "saran",
      "sourceDistrict": "Saran",
      "sourcePage": 7,
      "sourceId": "nma-asi-list",
      "referencePeriod": null,
      "verificationState": "transcribed-from-retrieved-source",
      "caveats": [
        "Source publication date not provided; district attribution retained as printed, including historical assignments",
        "Not an exhaustive list of district heritage or a visitor-access guarantee"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "climate": {
    "districtId": "BU-32",
    "slug": "saran",
    "districtName": "Saran",
    "representativePoint": [
      84.81601,
      25.91274
    ],
    "representativePointMethod": "Turf pointOnFeature on geoBoundaries source shape; rounded to five decimal degrees",
    "referencePeriod": "2001–2020",
    "sourceId": "nasa-power-2001-2020",
    "sourceUrl": "https://power.larc.nasa.gov/api/temporal/climatology/point?parameters=T2M,T2M_MAX,T2M_MIN&community=AG&longitude=84.81601&latitude=25.91274&format=JSON&start=2001&end=2020",
    "sourceApiVersion": "v2.10.1",
    "sourceHeaderRange": "20-year Meteorological and Solar Monthly & Annual Climatologies (January 2001 - December 2020)",
    "grid": "MERRA-2 native meteorology grid: 0.5° latitude × 0.625° longitude",
    "unit": "°C",
    "months": [
      {
        "month": "JAN",
        "mean": 15.47,
        "modelMaximum": 30.51,
        "modelMinimum": 0.81
      },
      {
        "month": "FEB",
        "mean": 19.88,
        "modelMaximum": 38.48,
        "modelMinimum": 4.21
      },
      {
        "month": "MAR",
        "mean": 26.03,
        "modelMaximum": 43.06,
        "modelMinimum": 8.68
      },
      {
        "month": "APR",
        "mean": 31.89,
        "modelMaximum": 46.01,
        "modelMinimum": 16.83
      },
      {
        "month": "MAY",
        "mean": 34.49,
        "modelMaximum": 46.71,
        "modelMinimum": 19.78
      },
      {
        "month": "JUN",
        "mean": 34.35,
        "modelMaximum": 47.97,
        "modelMinimum": 23.5
      },
      {
        "month": "JUL",
        "mean": 30.44,
        "modelMaximum": 41.96,
        "modelMinimum": 24.25
      },
      {
        "month": "AUG",
        "mean": 29.35,
        "modelMaximum": 38.46,
        "modelMinimum": 23.82
      },
      {
        "month": "SEP",
        "mean": 28.06,
        "modelMaximum": 36.39,
        "modelMinimum": 19.28
      },
      {
        "month": "OCT",
        "mean": 25.57,
        "modelMaximum": 36.64,
        "modelMinimum": 12.58
      },
      {
        "month": "NOV",
        "mean": 20.97,
        "modelMaximum": 35.06,
        "modelMinimum": 7.62
      },
      {
        "month": "DEC",
        "mean": 16.53,
        "modelMaximum": 31.48,
        "modelMinimum": 2.28
      }
    ],
    "annualMean": 26.1,
    "summerMeanMAM": 30.80333333333333,
    "winterMeanDJF": 17.293333333333333,
    "summerModelMaximum": 46.71,
    "winterModelMinimum": 0.81,
    "retrievalDate": "2026-10-25",
    "verificationState": "retrieved-period-checked",
    "caveats": [
      "Point sample of coarse reanalysis grid; not a district average or weather-station record",
      "Summer=MAM; winter=DJF. Seasonal means are equal-month means of monthly climatological means",
      "Maximum/minimum are model parameter extrema for the period, not observed station records"
    ]
  },
  "rainfall": {
    "districtId": "BU-32",
    "slug": "saran",
    "districtName": "Saran",
    "sourceDistrictName": "Saran",
    "referencePeriod": "1951–2000",
    "sourceId": "imd-rainfall-1951-2000",
    "unit": "mm",
    "monthlyNormals": [
      13.8,
      10.1,
      6.1,
      7.4,
      28.8,
      132.9,
      299.8,
      282.8,
      206.7,
      53.3,
      6,
      3.9
    ],
    "annualNormal": 1051.6,
    "monsoonNormalJJAS": 922.2,
    "monsoonMethod": "Sum of printed June, July, August and September monthly normals",
    "monthlyRainyDays": [
      1.1,
      0.7,
      0.5,
      0.6,
      1.7,
      5.4,
      12,
      11.7,
      8.4,
      2,
      0.4,
      0.4
    ],
    "annualRainyDays": 44.9,
    "rainyDayDefinition": "Day with rainfall of 2.5 mm or more",
    "verificationState": "transcribed-from-retrieved-source",
    "sourceTable": "Table V: Monthly and annual normals of rainfall and rainy days",
    "caveats": [
      "Historical district normals based on available station records in the nominal 1951–2000 period; not all stations have a complete50-year series",
      "District definitions follow the publication, not certified current or census geography",
      "Annual normal retained as printed; monthly sums may differ slightly because of rounding"
    ],
    "sourcePage": 66,
    "printedPage": 29
  },
  "rivers": [
    "Gandak",
    "Ganges",
    "Ghäghara"
  ],
  "places": []
}